I made mention of the Wudang sword style in a previous article which Cheng Man Ching also studied. It is one of the styles taught by my Sifu CS Tang and he had previously written a short article in the 394th Issue of New Martial Hero Magazine. It is a a skeleton sketch of the system but there is some valuable information contained herein. It is also important to distinguish the traditional transmission of Wudang Sword versus the many new wushu performance styles that borrow the Wudang name and are currently extant such as the Wudang Tai Yi Sword. Learning the Wudang Sword is my current project for 2015.
The Wudang Sword Method is a rarely transmitted style in recent times, it is the only sword technique that still retains sparring fighting and defense and practical fighting techniques, and is very different from sword performance.
According to legend, Wudang Sword was transmitted to Zhang Sanfeng in the Ming Dynasty. When his teacher the Zhenwu Emperor 真武大帝 attained enlightenment, began to train in the flying sword, and it shook the three realms of heaven, man and earth. The subsequent lineage is listed as follows:
Zhang San Feng - Zhang Song Xi (Taoist Name: Dan Ya Zi)張松溪(丹崖子), Zhao Tai Bin (Dan Yun Shan Jiao)趙太斌(丹雲山樵), Wang Jiu Cheng (Wudang Dan Xu)王九成(武當丹續) - Yan Xi Sheng (Ding Dan Yu)顏昔聖(定丹叟), Lv Shi Niang (Dan Xia Ke)呂十娘(丹霞客), Li Da Nian (Jin Dan Chi Zi)李大年(金丹赤子) - Chen Yin Chang (Dan Yun Lu Ke) 陳蔭昌(丹雲旅客)- Zhang Ye He (Huan Dan Zi) 張野鶴(還丹子)- Song Wei Yi (Fei Dan Jiu Er)宋唯一(飛丹九兒).
2. Original Source
In 1922, General Li Jing Lin 李景林 had encamped outside of the pass, his subordinate the First Team Leader of the Twentieth Camp Ding Xing Hua was climbing Changbai Mountain to hunt and lost his way, and encountered the Swordsman Song Weiyi, and as a result Li Jing Lin, Guo Qi Feng and five others were able to become disciples of Master Song, study Wudang Sword, boxing, neigong and other arts and were known to posterity as the Seven Swordsmen of Guanglin. They were Li Jing Lin, Guo Qi Feng郭岐鳳, Chen Yu Kuan陳玉寬, Liu Zhan Kui劉占魁, Xiao Fengxiang蕭鳳翔, Zhang De Zhun張德君 and Liu Hai Yan劉海晏.
In 1928, the Central Guoshu Acadamy was formally established, Master Zhang Zhi Jiang 張之江 and Master Li Jing Lin took up their positions as Headmaster and Deputy Headmaster respectively, to spread and promote Chinese Guoshu. Li Jing Lin officially started to openly teach Wudang Paired Sword and taught it widely. However what Li taught was only the second level paired practice (see below) - he did not teach the solo sword and swords sparring, and none of his disciples learned these arts. Only Guo Qi Feng taught the solo sword form to his disciples, when M. Guo came to Hong Kong and taught the art to Lam Jee Yuen, Wu Wun Diao, Fok Kwong Wah, Wong Shu Choi, Fu Jun Sau, Chow Shing Fan, Lee Sek Yee, Lee Ying Arng, Cho Chung Sang.
Master CS Tang teaches the solo and paired forms and has taught widely in Europe and the US. He also teaches Zhen Wu Sword真武劍, Yang Style Taiji Sword, Chen Style Taiji Sword, Lung Feng Sword (Dragon Phoenix Sword)龍鳳劍, Double Lung Feng Sword, Xingyi Longxing Sword形意龍行劍, and Bagua Youlong Sword八卦游龍劍.
3. Wudang Sword Transmission
There are five ritual rules:
(1) do not teach those who are cowardly or lacking in intellectual facility,
(2) do not teach those easily distracted,
(3) do not teach those indulge in sensory pleasures and alcohol,
(4) do not teach those who are violent and like to fight, and
(5) do not teach those who readily show off their abilities.
(2) do not teach those easily distracted,
(3) do not teach those indulge in sensory pleasures and alcohol,
(4) do not teach those who are violent and like to fight, and
(5) do not teach those who readily show off their abilities.
4. The Schools of Wudang Sword
The Wudang Sword is divided into several schools which are comprised of three levels:
上乘偃月神術 字、柱、極三派。 The higher level Curved Moon Spirt Technique Schools (Zi, Chu, Ji)
中乘匕首飛術 符、鑒、匕三派。 The middle level Flying DaggerTechnique Schools (Fu, Zuo, Bi)
下乘長劍舞術•符、籌、丹三派 The lower level Dancing Longsword Schools (Fu, Chou, Dan)
The Wudang Sword is divided into several schools which are comprised of three levels:
上乘偃月神術 字、柱、極三派。 The higher level Curved Moon Spirt Technique Schools (Zi, Chu, Ji)
中乘匕首飛術 符、鑒、匕三派。 The middle level Flying DaggerTechnique Schools (Fu, Zuo, Bi)
下乘長劍舞術•符、籌、丹三派 The lower level Dancing Longsword Schools (Fu, Chou, Dan)
5. The Three Treasures of Wudang Sword
Circle圈 (Sticking and Following黏連), Angle角 (The Thirteen Edges十三鋒), Qi (Attainment Training達鍊)
Sword Circles : The movements of Wudang Sword do not deviate from the principles of Yin and Yang. Its speciality lies in the retreat of the body while the sword enters. When the circular motion of the sword stops it becomes an angle - which then transforms into the sword application.
Triangular Paired Practice: When the opponent's sword comes at you, I blend and lift it, forming a triangle: when the sword comes as a thrust, I block it forming a downward facing triangle: when the opponent's sword comes in as a stir, I meet it by carrying it forming the left triangle; when the opponent's sword comes as a slash, I obliquely block it, forming the right triangle.
After the triangular paired practice becomes second nature, one trains the hook step and entering the yin yang circle, after one is familiar with both practices, one can begin sword sparring.
After the triangular paired practice becomes second nature, one trains the hook step and entering the yin yang circle, after one is familiar with both practices, one can begin sword sparring.
6. The Method of Yin Yang Sword
The Wudang Style places emphasis on four methods, they are "strike, thrust, parry, slicing", as the four mother methods, and they are like the Si Xiang 四象 or four images of the Yijing, they give rise to innumerable methods, and by adding "drawing, leading, lifting, touching, breaking, chopping, blocking, mixing, pressing" the nine situations 九勢, these become the 13 postures十三勢, and depending on the situation these give rise to "slashing, wiping, chopping, hooking, cloud, circling, pressing, piercing, lifting" for a further 9 situations, with the 9 following the 9 there is a continuing cycle back to the beginning without end. The flashing blade expresses the unfathomable depth of Wudang sword techniques, the exquisite nature of the movements in the air.
Wudang Sword has 13 postures
1. Drawing 抽 - the two methods include drawing upwards and drawing downwards - and the applications are mostly of the Tai Yang Sword [The directionality and angle of the sword - similar to using the clock face - to indicate direction - 1 o'clock etc.]
2. Leading 帶 - this includes straight leading and horizontal leading - the straight lead is of the Central Yin Sword, horizontal lead is of the Tai Yin Sword
3. Lifting 提 - this includes front and back lifting - their movements are of the Old Yin Sword
4. Block 格 - includes lower block and reverse block - lower parry is of Central Yin Sword and Reverse Parry is Central Yang Sword.
5. Strike 擊 - the two methods include straight strike and lower strike - straight strike is
6. Thrust 刺 - the two methods include thrust to the side and horizontal thrust - side thrust is of the Middle Yin or Middle Yang. Horizontal thrust of of the Tai Yin Sword or Tai Yang Sword.
7. Touch / Tap 點 - the two methods include obverse touch or reverse touch - obverse touch is of the Middle Yin Sword and Reverse touch is of the Middle Yang Sword.
8. Parry 崩- the two methods include obverse parry and reverse parry - obverse breaking is of the Middle Yin and reverse breaking is of the Middle Yang
9. Chopping 劈 - the two methods include obverse breaking and reverse breaking - obverse breaking is of the Middle Yin and reverse breaking is of the Middle Yang
10. Cut 截 - the three methods include horizontal cut, side cut and reverse cut - horizontal pulling is Tai Yin Sword, Side Pulling is Middle Yin Sword, Reverse Pulling is Central Yin Sword
11. Stirring 攪 - there is side stirring and vertical stirring - there is no fixed method for this
12. Pressing 壓 - there is obverse press and reverse press the obverse press is Tai Yin Sword and the Reverse Press is Tai Yang Sword.
13. Slicing 洗- there is clockwise slice and anticlockwise slice - clockwise slice is of Middle Yang Sword and anti-clockwise is Middle Yin sword.
7. Training Method
Separate levels of training include 1. Individual solo practice 2. Paired Practice 3. Live Sparring
1. The beginner individually practices solo sword routines. The basic practices include : the 13 edges十三鋒, the 3 forms and 3 basins三形三盤, and the solo sets include :
(1) Yin Yang 13 Movement Sword, (2) Pearl rolling Basin Sword珍珠滾盤劍, (3) Rolling Dragon Sword滾龍劍.
2. The Intermediate Paired practice : there is sword alignment practice鍛鍊劍鋒 and six sword routines.
They are : snake form paired practice, wild goose paired practice, lion form paired practice, eagle form paired practice, dragon form paired practice, chaos form paired practice.
3. Advanced sparring is divided into 3 levels
(1) Fixed stance paired practice, (2) moving paired practice, (3) freestyle sword practice.
For additional information I would encourage my readers to purchase the Major Methods of the Wudang Sword by Huang Yuan Xiou : Translated by Mei Hui LU, which is the only book in English that I am aware of on the traditional Wudang sword method.
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